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- Plastic is the
- defining material
- of the twentieth
- century. Cheap,
- strong, malleable,
- it's everywhere -
- even places
- where it is not
- wanted. Durability,
- the greatest virtue
- of plastic, has
- now become a
- serious environ-
- mental problem
- #
- Celluloid, which
- appeared in
- 1865, was the
- first plastic. It
- was vital to the
- development of
- film. Bakelite, the
- first synthetic
- plastic, was a
- good electric
- insulator and
- easily molded; its
- primary use was
- in electrical and
- radio parts. The
- classic telephone
- design was made
- from Bakelite
- #
- Plastics research developed rapidly in Germany from the end of the nineteenth
- century. Hermann Staudinger's research helped clarify the chemical processes
- that produced these new materials, and he received the Nobel prize in 1953
- #
- Before 1939 the
- word 'plastic' did
- not even appear
- in any English
- dictionary. By
- 1944, when
- Baekeland died, it
- was rapidly
- transforming
- twentieth-
- century life
- #
- Bakelite's use has
- now declined,
- although several
- thousand tonnes
- per year are still
- made worldwide.
- Its use is largely
- out of sight, in
- electrical
- applications (such
- as automobile
- distributor heads)
- where its fire-
- retarding
- properties are
- still essential
- #
- There is now
- a thriving
- collector's market
- in old Bakelite. It
- has become a
- sought-after
- design material,
- partly because its
- heyday in the
- Twenties and
- Thirties coincided
- with the
- fashionable
- eras of art
- nouveau and
- art deco
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